真题
中国的传统节日端午节是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原而设立的。屈原生活在战国时期，他忠诚于自己的国家，但被奸臣陷害，最终投江自尽。为了防止鱼虾啃食屈原的遗体，当地百姓将粽子投入江中。粽子是一种用竹叶包裹的糯米食品，通常有各种馅料，如豆沙、咸蛋黄、肉等。如今，端午节不仅是纪念屈原的日子，也是一个重要的传统节日，人们会举行各种活动，如赛龙舟、挂艾草等。赛龙舟是一项团队运动，需要队员们齐心协力，象征着团结和拼搏的精神。挂艾草则被认为可以驱邪避病。
 
参考译文
The Dragon Boat Festival, a traditional Chinese festival, was established in memory of the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan lived during the Warring States Period. He was loyal to his country but was framed by treacherous officials, which led him to drown himself in the river. To prevent fish and shrimp from consuming Qu Yuan's body, local people threw zongzi into the river. Zongzi is a kind of glutinous rice food wrapped in bamboo leaves, often with various fillings such as red bean paste, salted egg yolk, and meat. Today, the Dragon Boat Festival is not only a day to commemorate Qu Yuan but also an important traditional festival. People engage in various activities, such as dragon boat racing and hanging mugwort. Dragon boat racing is a team sport that requires team members to work together, symbolizing the spirit of unity and striving. Hanging mugwort is believed to ward off evil and disease.
 
翻译要点分析
节日背景的描述
“中国的传统节日端午节是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原而设立的”
翻译为：The Dragon Boat Festival, a traditional Chinese festival, was established in memory of the patriotic poet Qu Yuan。
使用“was established in memory of”来表达“为了纪念……而设立的”，“patriotic poet”对应“爱国诗人”。
“屈原生活在战国时期，他忠诚于自己的国家，但被奸臣陷害，最终投江自尽”
翻译为：Qu Yuan lived during the Warring States Period. He was loyal to his country but was framed by treacherous officials, which led him to drown himself in the river。
使用“lived during...”来表达“生活在……时期”，“was framed by treacherous officials”对应“被奸臣陷害”，“led him to drown himself in the river”说明其最终结果。
粽子的描述
“为了防止鱼虾啃食屈原的遗体，当地百姓将粽子投入江中”
翻译为：To prevent fish and shrimp from consuming Qu Yuan's body, local people threw zongzi into the river。
使用“to prevent... from...”来表达“为了防止……”，“threw zongzi into the river”对应“将粽子投入江中”。
“粽子是一种用竹叶包裹的糯米食品，通常有各种馅料，如豆沙、咸蛋黄、肉等”
翻译为：Zongzi is a kind of glutinous rice food wrapped in bamboo leaves, often with various fillings such as red bean paste, salted egg yolk, and meat。
使用“wrapped in bamboo leaves”来表达“用竹叶包裹”，“various fillings such as...”列举馅料。
节日活动的描述
“如今，端午节不仅是纪念屈原的日子，也是一个重要的传统节日，人们会举行各种活动，如赛龙舟、挂艾草等”
翻译为：Today, the Dragon Boat Festival is not only a day to commemorate Qu Yuan but also an important traditional festival. People engage in various activities, such as dragon boat racing and hanging mugwort。
使用“not only... but also...”结构来表达“不仅……而且……”，“engage in various activities”对应“举行各种活动”。
“赛龙舟是一项团队运动，需要队员们齐心协力，象征着团结和拼搏的精神”
翻译为：Dragon boat racing is a team sport that requires team members to work together, symbolizing the spirit of unity and striving。
使用“requires team members to work together”来表达“需要队员们齐心协力”，“symbolizing the spirit of unity and striving”对应“象征着团结和拼搏的精神”。
“挂艾草则被认为可以驱邪避病”
翻译为：Hanging mugwort is believed to ward off evil and disease。
使用“is believed to”来表达“被认为可以……”，“ward off evil and disease”对应“驱邪避病”。
 
翻译技巧
使用被动语态
在描述屈原被陷害和节日的设立时，使用被动语态（如“was framed by”“was established”），使句子更加客观。
列举法
使用“such as...”来列举粽子的馅料和节日活动，使句子更加简洁明了。
定语从句的运用
在描述赛龙舟时，使用定语从句“that requires team members to work together”来进一步说明其特点。
固定搭配
使用“in memory of”“work together”“ward off evil and disease”等固定搭配，使翻译更加地道。