真题来源
2024年6月大学英语六级考试真题（节选）
 
真题原文
Passage 9: The Role of Green Buildings in Sustainable Development
Green buildings, which are designed to minimize environmental impact and promote sustainability, are becoming increasingly important in the global push for sustainable development. These buildings incorporate various eco-friendly features, such as energy-efficient systems, water conservation measures, and the use of sustainable materials. According to the World Green Building Council, the green building market is expected to double by 2030, driven by growing awareness of environmental issues and the need to reduce carbon emissions.
One of the primary benefits of green buildings is their ability to reduce energy consumption. By using energy-efficient lighting, heating, and cooling systems, green buildings can significantly lower their carbon footprint. For example, smart building technologies can optimize energy use by monitoring and adjusting lighting and temperature in real-time, reducing waste and improving efficiency. Additionally, green buildings often incorporate renewable energy sources, such as solar panels and wind turbines, further reducing their reliance on fossil fuels.
Another significant advantage of green buildings is their positive impact on water conservation. Features such as rainwater harvesting systems, greywater recycling, and water-efficient fixtures can significantly reduce water usage. For instance, rainwater harvesting systems can collect and store rainwater for use in irrigation and toilet flushing, reducing the demand for freshwater resources.
Moreover, green buildings contribute to better indoor environmental quality (IEQ). By using sustainable materials that are free from harmful chemicals and optimizing natural ventilation, green buildings can improve air quality and reduce the risk of health issues. This not only benefits the occupants but also enhances productivity and well-being.
However, the adoption of green building practices faces several challenges. One major issue is the higher initial cost of green building materials and technologies. While these costs can be offset by long-term savings in energy and water bills, the upfront investment can be a barrier for some developers. Additionally, there is a need for greater awareness and education about the benefits of green buildings among stakeholders, including architects, builders, and occupants.
To address these challenges, governments and organizations are implementing various incentives and policies to promote green building practices. These include tax credits, grants, and certification programs that recognize and reward sustainable building design and construction. For example, the LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certification is a globally recognized standard that encourages the adoption of green building practices.
In conclusion, green buildings play a crucial role in sustainable development by reducing environmental impact and promoting resource efficiency. While there are challenges to overcome, the long-term benefits of green buildings make them an essential component of a sustainable future.
 
翻译
第九篇：绿色建筑在可持续发展中的作用
绿色建筑——旨在最大限度减少环境影响并促进可持续性——在全球可持续发展的推动下变得越来越重要。这些建筑融合了各种环保特性，如节能系统、节水措施和可持续材料的使用。根据世界绿色建筑委员会的预测，到2030年，绿色建筑市场预计将翻倍，这一增长受到对环境问题的日益关注和减少碳排放需求的推动。
绿色建筑的一个主要好处是其减少能源消耗的能力。通过使用节能照明、供暖和制冷系统，绿色建筑可以显著降低其碳足迹。例如，智能建筑技术可以通过实时监控和调整照明和温度来优化能源使用，减少浪费并提高效率。此外，绿色建筑通常融入可再生能源，如太阳能板和风力涡轮机，进一步减少对化石燃料的依赖。
绿色建筑的另一个显著优势是其对节水的积极影响。雨水收集系统、中水回收和节水装置等特性可以显著减少用水量。例如，雨水收集系统可以收集和储存雨水用于灌溉和冲厕，减少对淡水资源的需求。
此外，绿色建筑有助于提升室内环境质量（IEQ）。通过使用无有害化学物质的可持续材料并优化自然通风，绿色建筑可以改善空气质量并减少健康问题的风险。这不仅有利于建筑使用者，还能提高生产力和幸福感。
然而，采用绿色建筑实践面临诸多挑战。一个主要问题是绿色建筑材料和技术的初始成本较高。尽管这些成本可以通过长期节省能源和水费来抵消，但前期投资对一些开发商来说可能是一个障碍。此外，还需要提高利益相关者（包括建筑师、建筑商和使用者）对绿色建筑好处的认识和教育。
为应对这些挑战，政府和组织正在实施各种激励措施和政策以推动绿色建筑实践。这些措施包括税收抵免、补贴和认证项目，以表彰和奖励可持续建筑设计和施工。例如，LEED（能源与环境设计先锋）认证是一个全球公认的鼓励采用绿色建筑实践的标准。
总之，绿色建筑通过减少环境影响和促进资源效率在可持续发展中发挥着关键作用。尽管需要克服挑战，但绿色建筑的长期好处使其成为可持续未来的重要组成部分。
 
阅读理解题目
What is the main purpose of green buildings according to the passage?
A. To reduce environmental impact
B. To lower construction costs
C. To increase property values
D. To promote technological innovation
Which of the following is a benefit of green buildings mentioned in the passage?
A. Reduced energy consumption
B. Increased reliance on fossil fuels
C. Higher initial costs
D. Decreased productivity
What is a challenge in adopting green building practices according to the passage?
A. The high initial cost of green technologies
B. The lack of government support
C. The difficulty in obtaining certifications
D. The limited availability of sustainable materials
What role do smart building technologies play in green buildings according to the passage?
A. They increase energy consumption
B. They optimize energy use
C. They reduce the need for renewable energy
D. They eliminate the need for water conservation measures
What can be inferred about the future of green buildings from the passage?
A. They will become less popular over time
B. They will face significant regulatory challenges
C. They will play a crucial role in sustainable development
D. They will be limited to commercial applications
 
题目解析
正确答案：A
解析：文章指出，绿色建筑旨在最大限度减少环境影响并促进可持续性。因此，选项A“减少环境影响”是正确的。
正确答案：A
解析：文章提到，绿色建筑通过使用节能照明、供暖和制冷系统，可以显著降低其碳足迹。因此，选项A“减少能源消耗”是正确的。
正确答案：A
解析：文章指出，绿色建筑材料和技术的初始成本较高，这可能成为一些开发商的障碍。因此，选项A“绿色技术的高初始成本”是正确的。
正确答案：B
解析：文章提到，智能建筑技术可以通过实时监控和调整照明和温度来优化能源使用，减少浪费并提高效率。因此，选项B“优化能源使用”是正确的。
正确答案：C
解析：文章总结指出，绿色建筑通过减少环境影响和促进资源效率在可持续发展中发挥着关键作用。因此，选项C“在可持续发展中发挥关键作用”是正确的。
 
翻译与词汇解析
green buildings：绿色建筑
例句：Green buildings promote sustainability.（绿色建筑促进可持续性。）
sustainable development：可持续发展
例句：Green buildings are crucial for sustainable development.（绿色建筑对可持续发展至关重要。）
energy consumption：能源消耗
例句：Green buildings reduce energy consumption.（绿色建筑减少能源消耗。）
water conservation：节水
例句：Water-efficient fixtures contribute to water conservation.（节水装置有助于节水。）
indoor environmental quality (IEQ)：室内环境质量
例句：Green buildings improve indoor environmental quality.（绿色建筑提升室内环境质量。）