丰富你的语言武器库，掌握时间、程度与状态的精准表达
在掌握了如何表达观点态度之后，我们常常需要更丰富的词汇来描述事物的性质、状态、程度与关系。本期我们将开启【描述和形容】 主题的上半部分，聚焦于那些用于界定特征、描述频率、时长与逻辑关系的核心词汇。这些词是构建清晰、严谨句子的基石，让我们一起来学习吧！

 
一、本期核心词汇：描述和形容（List 1-4）
List 1（共20个）

constant

a. 持续不断的
例 The constant noise from the nearby construction site was disrupting my concentration.
译 附近建筑工地持续不断的噪音打扰了我的注意力。
contributory

a. 促成的；促进的；起作用的
例 Good nutrition is contributory to overall health and well-being.
译 良好的营养对整体健康和幸福有促进作用。
ancient

a. 古代的；古老的
例 Archaeologists discovered ancient artifacts buried beneath the desert sands.
译 考古学家发现了埋藏在沙漠沙土下的古代文物。
excess

a. 过多的
例 Excess consumption of sugary drinks can lead to various health problems.
译 过多饮用含糖饮料会导致各种健康问题。
fundamental

a. 基本的；基础的
例 Learning basic arithmetic skills is fundamental to understanding higher-level math.
译 学习基本算术技能是理解更高级数学的基础。
recent

a. 近来的；新近的
例 Recent advancements in technology have revolutionized the way we communicate.
译 近来技术的进步已经彻底改变了我们的交流方式。
analogous

a. 类似的；相似的
例 Analogous situations in different countries require similar approaches to resolve.
译 不同国家的类似情况需要类似的解决方法。
instant

a. 立刻的；立即的 n.瞬间
例 Pressing the button on the machine will result in an instant response.
译 按下机器上的按钮将会立即产生反应。
continuous

a. 连续的；不断的
例 Continuous rainfall over the past week has caused flooding in low-lying areas.
译 过去一周持续不断的降雨导致低洼地区发生了洪水。
temporary

a. 临时的；短暂的
例 A temporary solution was implemented to address the immediate problem.
译 为了解决眼前的问题，采取了临时措施。
provisional

a. 临时的；暂时的
例 The provisional agreement allowed for further negotiations to take place.
译 临时协议允许进行进一步的谈判。
intensive

a. 密集的；加强的
例 Intensive training sessions were scheduled to prepare the athletes for the upcoming competition.
译 安排了密集的训练课程，为运动员们准备即将到来的比赛。
occasional

a. 偶尔的；偶然的
例 Occasional power outages are common during severe storms.
译 在严重的风暴期间偶尔会发生停电是很常见的。
remaining

a. 剩余的
例 After distributing the prizes, the remaining participants received certificates of participation.
译 分发奖品后，剩余的参与者收到了参与证书。
subsequent

a. 随后的；后来的
例 Subsequent investigations revealed new evidence that contradicted the initial findings.
译 随后的调查揭示了与最初发现相矛盾的新证据。
particular

a. 特定的；特别的
例 The particular requirements of each individual must be taken into consideration.
译 必须考虑到每个人的特定要求。
previous

a. 先前的；以往的
例 Previous attempts to solve the problem had been unsuccessful.
译 以前解决问题的尝试都没有成功。
complementary

a. 相互补足的；补充的
例 Complementary colors are often used together to create contrast in art and design.
译 互补色经常在艺术和设计中一起使用，以产生对比效果。
equivalent

a. 相同的，相等的
例 The equivalent weight of the substance was determined through careful experimentation.
译 通过仔细的实验确定了物质的等量重。
causal

a. 因果关系的；前因后果的
例 The causal relationship between smoking and lung cancer has been extensively studied.
译 吸烟与肺癌之间的因果关系已被广泛研究。
 
List 2（共20个）

numerous

a. 众多的；许多的
例 Numerous studies have shown the benefits of regular exercise for overall health.
译 许多研究已经表明定期锻炼对整体健康的益处。
essentially

ad. 本质上；根本上
例 Essentially, the success of the project depends on effective teamwork.
译 本质上，项目的成功取决于有效的团队合作。
inescapably

ad. 不可避免地
例 Inescapably, changes in technology will continue to shape our future.
译 不可避免地，技术的变化将继续塑造我们的未来。
furthermore

ad. 此外；而且
例 Furthermore, the company plans to expand its operations into international markets.
译 此外，公司计划将业务扩展到国际市场。
roughly

ad. 大约；差不多
例 Roughly one-third of the population lives in urban areas.
译 大约三分之一的人口居住在城市地区。
moreover

ad. 而且；此外
例 Moreover, the new regulations aim to improve safety standards in the workplace.
译 而且，新规定旨在提高工作场所的安全标准。
otherwise

ad. 否则；不然
例 Otherwise, the consequences could be severe.
译 否则，后果可能会很严重。
subsequently

ad. 后来；之后
例 Subsequently, the company experienced a significant increase in profits.
译 后来，公司利润显著增加。
extremely

ad. 极其；非常
例 The situation became extremely difficult as the storm intensified.
译 随着风暴加剧，情况变得极为困难。
virtually

ad. 几乎；差不多
例 Virtually all students participated in the school's extracurricular activities.
译 几乎所有学生都参加了学校的课外活动。
merely

ad. 仅仅；只不过
例 Merely completing the task is not enough; it must be done to a high standard.
译 仅仅完成任务还不够，它必须做到高标准。
frequently

ad. 经常；频繁地
例 Frequently checking your email can become a distraction from more important tasks.
译 经常检查电子邮件会分散注意力，影响更重要的任务。
seemingly

ad. 看似；表面上
例 Seemingly simple problems often have complex underlying causes.
译 看似简单的问题通常有复杂的根源。
potentially

ad. 可能地，潜在地
例 Potentially hazardous materials must be handled with care.
译 可能有害的材料必须小心处理。
immediately

ad. 立即；马上
例 Immediate action is required to address the urgent situation.
译 必须立即采取行动解决紧急情况。
presently

ad. 目前，此刻
例 Presently, we are waiting for further instructions from headquarters.
译 目前，我们正在等待总部的进一步指示。
nevertheless

ad. 然而；尽管如此
例 Nevertheless, progress has been made despite the challenges.
译 尽管面临挑战，但已经取得了进展。
duly

ad. 如期地
例 The report was duly submitted to the board of directors for review.
译 报告已按期提交给董事会审查。
somewhat

ad. 稍微；有点
例 The weather is somewhat cooler today compared to yesterday.
译 今天的天气比昨天稍微凉爽一些。
actually

ad. 实际上；的确
例 Actually, the situation is not as dire as it seems.
译 实际上，情况并没有看起来那么糟糕。
 
List 3 & 4 词汇速览
（为控制单期篇幅，List 3和4的详细例句暂略，提供单词和释义以供预习和速查）

List 3 (共20个)
41. commonly ad. 通常；常常
42. typically ad. 通常；一般；典型地
43. simultaneously ad. 同时地
44. likewise ad. 同样地；类似地
45. prominently ad. 突出地
46. relatively ad. 相对地；相当程度上
47. previously ad. 以前
48. therefore ad. 因此；所以
49. nearby ad. 在附近；不远 a.附近的
50. simply ad. 只不过；仅仅
51. gradually ad. 逐渐地；逐步地
52. overall ad. 总体上；一般来说；全都
53. initially ad. 最初；开始
54. lately ad. 最近；近来
55. ominous adj. 不祥的
56. surreal adj. 超现实的
57. ephemeral adj. 短暂的
58. luminous adj. 发光的，明亮的
59. intricate adj. 复杂精细的
60. opulent adj. 富裕的，丰富的

List 4 (共20个)
61. quaint adj. 古色古香的
62. sleek adj. 光滑的
63. harmonious adj. 和谐的
64. nostalgic adj. 怀旧的
65. blissful adj. 极幸福的
66. arduous adj. 艰难的
67. jovial adj. 快乐的
68. poignant adj. 令人感伤的
69. cryptic adj. 难以理解的
70. ethereal adj. 飘渺的，天上的
71. robust adj. 强健的，结实的
72. vivid adj. 生动的
73. vibrant adj. 生气勃勃的
74. idyllic adj. 田园诗般的，宁静的
75. menacing adj. 威胁的
76. meticulous adj. 一丝不苟的
77. graceful adj. 优雅的
78. unless conj. 除非；如果不
79. whereas conj. 然而，但是，尽管
80. provided conj. 如果；假如

 
二、速查与练习
? 本期词汇速查表
constant, contributory, ancient, excess, fundamental, recent, analogous, instant, continuous, temporary, provisional, intensive, occasional, remaining, subsequent, particular, previous, complementary, equivalent, causal, numerous, essentially, inescapably, furthermore, roughly, moreover, otherwise, subsequently, extremely, virtually, merely, frequently, seemingly, potentially, immediately, presently, nevertheless, duly, somewhat, actually, commonly, typically, simultaneously, likewise, prominently, relatively, previously, therefore, nearby, simply, gradually, overall, initially, lately, ominous, surreal, ephemeral, luminous, intricate, opulent, quaint, sleek, harmonious, nostalgic, blissful, arduous, jovial, poignant, cryptic, ethereal, robust, vivid, vibrant, idyllic, menacing, meticulous, graceful, unless, whereas, provided.