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考研的宝子们，知道大家忙，所以，又给大家总结了英一考研阅读2020-2025年的核心词汇，大家记得复习，保存，关注，点赞，评论和转发呀！

 

2020 年 Text 1

1 institute    建立，设立 

2 alongside    与……一起 

3 an avalanche of  大量 

4 bid     投标，申请 

5 prestigious   有声望的 

6 bag     赢得/抢占（奖项） 

7 cynic    愤世嫉俗者  

8 speculate    推测 

9 fever of self-celebration 自我庆祝的热潮 

10 cure-all    万能良药 

11 prominence   名声，突出 

12 aspiration    抱负，渴望 

13 nudge    推动，轻推 

14 bold     大胆的 

15 remarkable   非凡的 

16 cooperation   合作 

17 honour    尊敬，表彰 

18 peculiarities   特色，独特之处 

19 high street   商业街 

20 facilities    设施 

21 turn into    转变为 

22 a booby prize   陷阱奖

23 positive    积极的 

24 hope-filled   充满希望的 

25 proposal    提议 

 

2020 年 Text 2

1 licence to print money 暴利行业 

2 monetary reward  金钱回报 

3 peer review   同行评审 

4 status    地位 

5 profit margin   利润率 

6 existential crisis  生存危机 

7 paywalled   付费墙 

8 legitimacy   合法性 

9 transform    转变 

10 open access   开放获取 

11 subscription    订阅 

12 article preparation cost  文章处理费 

13 inflation     通货膨胀 

14 resemble     类似于 

15 labour     劳动力 

16 rebalancing    重新平衡 

17 ecosystem    生态系统 

18 desperately    拼命地 

19 emerge     出现 

20 global photocopier   全球复印机 

21 legally accessed   合法获取 

22 lose legitimacy   失去合法性 

23 work for all    造福所有人 

24 scientific publishing  科学出版 

 

2020 年 Text 3

1 diversity mandates   多样性强制令 

2 virtue-signaling   道德表演 

3 privileged    有特权的 

4 level the playing field  创造公平竞争环境 

5 gender parity    性别平等 

6 board membership   董事会成员资格 

7 government quotas   政府配额 

8 classify     分类 

9 constitutional guarantee  宪法保障 

10 Supreme Court   最高法院 

11 frown on     不赞成 

12 sex-based classification  基于性别的分类 

13 policy interest    政策利益 

14 prior discrimination   先前歧视 

15 mirror     反映 

16 steadily increasing   稳步增长 

17 government interference  政府干预 

18 less experienced   经验不足 

19 golden skirt phenomenon “金裙现象” 

20 elite women    精英女性 

21 scoop up     抢占 

22 self-serving    利己的 

23 feel good     自我感觉良好 

24 average women   普通女性 

25 promote gender equity  促进性别平等 

 

2020 年 Text 4

1 digital services tax    数字服务税 

2 multinationals     跨国公司 

3 gross revenue     总收入 

4 GAFA tax     GAFA税 

5 spark controversy    引发争议 

6 trade sanctions     贸易制裁 

7 unilateral move    单方面行动 

8 alphabet soup     字母汤（复杂名称） 

9 tax provisions     税收条款 

10 diverted profits tax    转移利润税 

11 anti-avoidance law    反避税法 

12 significant economic presence 显著经济存在 

13 international tax system   国际税收体系 

14 keep up with     跟上 

15 consensus     共识 

16 OECD      经合组织 

17 reforming      改革 

18 follow suit     效仿 

19 a cascade of taxes    一连串税收 

20 burdensome     负担沉重的 

21 broad consensus    广泛共识 

22 warn   警告 

23 future holds     未来走向 

24 digital economy    数字经济 

25 tax multinationals    对跨国公司征税 

 

2021 年 Text 1

1 justify      为…辩护 

2 grimly reliable     令人沮丧地如期而至 

3 annual ritual     一年一度的惯例 

4 impose a burden on    给…增加负担 

5 Consumer Price Index (CPI)  消费者物价指数 

6 inflation      通货膨胀 

7 successive governments   历届政府 

8 on the grounds that    理由是… 

9 bear the cost     承担费用 

10 general taxpayer    普通纳税人 

11 stockbroker     股票经纪人 

12 travails      艰辛 

13 relatively poor infrastructure  相对落后的基础设施 

14 industrial action    工业行动（罢工） 

15 compensation for disruption  对混乱的赔偿 

16 pledge to      承诺 

17 minimum service requirement 最低服务要求 

18 wider package of measures  一揽子更广泛措施 

19 address long-running problems 解决长期存在的问题 

20 cramped, unreliable services  拥挤、不可靠的服务 

21 interrupted by regular chaos  被常规混乱打断 

22 threat of nationalisation   国有化威胁 

23 with a vengeance    猛烈地

24 justified anger     正当的愤怒 

25 in short order     迅速地 

 

2021 年 Text 2

1 bleak rate      令人沮丧的/惨淡的速度 

2 deforestation     森林砍伐 

3 turnaround     好转 

4 antipoverty program   扶贫项目 

5 conditional cash transfers (CCTs) 有条件现金转移 

6 break the cycle of poverty  打破贫困循环 

7 substantially reduce    大幅减少 

8 growth problems    发育问题 

9 conflicting goals    相互冲突的目标 

10 environmental degradation  环境恶化 

11 causality      因果关系 

12 cleared land     开垦土地 

13 satellite data     卫星数据 

14 phase-in      分阶段实施 

15 be associated with    与…相关 

16 makeshift insurance policies  临时保险手段 

17 inclement weather    恶劣天气 

18 supplement harvests   补充收成 

19 transferability     可迁移性 

20 avoided deforestation   避免的森林砍伐 

21 carbon dioxide emissions  二氧化碳排放 

22 program costs     项目成本 

23 commonalities     共同点 

24 market access     市场准入 

25 value of avoided deforestation 避免砍伐的价值 

 

2021 年 Text 3

1 re-evaluate the past   重新评价过去 

2 Victorian ancestors   维多利亚时代祖先 

3 prudery     假正经 

4 cause a stir    引起轰动 

5 fade away    逐渐消失 

6 vast catalogue    大量目录 

7 exposure times   曝光时间 

8 daguerreotype    达盖尔银版法 

9 blurred images    模糊图像 

10 non-committal blank stare 不置可否的茫然凝视 

11 instantaneous    瞬间的 

12 spontaneous smiles   自然微笑 

13 loss of dignity    尊严丧失 

14 cheesy grin    咧嘴笑 

15 dental hygiene    口腔卫生 

16 pearly whites    洁白牙齿 

17 toothy grin    露齿笑 

18 class      优雅

19 drunks, tramps    醉汉、流浪汉 

20 music hall performers  音乐厅演员 

21 becoming look    得体的外表 

22 fixed forever    永远定格 

23 damning     毁灭性的 

24 foolish smile    愚蠢的笑容 

25 social sensitiveness   社会敏感性 

 

2021 年 Text 4

1 broadband providers  宽带供应商 

2 picking winners and losers 挑选赢家与输家 

3 preserving freedom   保持自由 

4 innovation    创新 

5 pushback     抵制 

6 anti-regulatory conservatives 反监管的保守派 

7 federal appeals court  联邦上诉法院 

8 prolonged the fight   延长争斗 

9 net neutrality    网络中立性 

10 party-line vote    党派路线投票 

11 eliminated strict rules  废除严格规定 

12 rejected authority   拒绝授权 

13 state and local governments 州与地方政府 

14 anti-competitive behavior 反竞争行为 

15 data caps     数据上限 

16 unanimously upheld  一致维持/支持 

17 concurring opinion   协同意见 

18 unhinged from realities  脱离现实 

19 Congress or Supreme Court intervene 国会或最高法院介入 

20 preempt individual state laws 优先于各州法律 

21 enact tough law   颁布严格法律 

22 endless legal battles   无尽法律斗争 

23 cry out for Congress to act 呼吁国会行动 

24 explicit authority   明确授权 

25 bar providers from meddling 禁止供应商干预 

 

2022 年 Text 1

1 too durable    过于耐用 

2 litter the planet      遍布地球 

3 break down easily   容易分解 

4 crack and frizzle   开裂卷曲 

5 weep out additives   渗出添加剂 

6 melt into sludge   化为污泥 

7 culturally important objects 具有文化意义的物品 

8 dizzying variety   令人眼花缭乱的种类 

9 animation stills   动画静帧/定格画面；剧照 

10 artificial heart    人造心脏 

11 polymer chemist   高分子化学家 

12 time bomb    定时炸弹 

13 inherently unstable   本身不稳定 

14 light damage    光照损伤 

15 splitting and crumbling  分裂破碎 

16 locked away    封存 

17 stabilizing chemicals  稳定化学剂 

18 sunscreens    防晒霜（比喻） 

19 worn polymer fibers  受损聚合物纤维 

20 protective cases   保护罩 

21 biodegradable plastics  可生物降解塑料 

22 disintegrate    崩解 

23 material ages    材料时代 

24 historical record   历史记录 

25 preservation solution  保存/保护方案 

 

2022 年 Text 2

1 undergraduate application 本科申请 

2 weigh up their options  权衡选择 

3 set up for life    一生无忧 

4 found wanting    被发现不足 

5 became devalued   贬值 

6 secure route    稳妥路径 

7 social mobility    社会流动性 

8 non-graduate roles   非毕业生岗位 

9 OECD countries   经合组织国家 

10 switch from classroom to lecture hall 从中学到大学转变 

11 inevitable     不可避免 

12 degree mindset   学位思维 

13 school leavers    中学毕业生 

14 committed and loyal  敬业且忠诚 

15 scrap degree requirement 取消学位要求 

16 generalists    通才 

17 specific knowledge   专业知识 know-how 

18 postgraduates    研究生 

19 constantly up-skilling  持续技能提升 

20 stay employable   保持就业竞争力 

21 17 different employers  17位雇主 

22 five different careers  五段职业 

23 core part     核心部分 

24 define them    定义他们 

25 present and personal tense 现在时与个人化语气 

 

2022 年 Text 3

1 art-science collaborations 艺术与科学合作 

2 stimulating    刺激的

3 visual artists    视觉艺术家 

4 communicate work   传播成果 

5 emotional connections  情感连接 

6 enhance learning   增强学习 

7 reworked version   改编版本 

8 climate prediction data  气候预测数据 

9 creative call to action  创意行动号召 

10 two-way     双向的 

11 shared stake    共同利益 

12 jointly design    共同设计 

13 critique each other’s work 相互批评作品 

14 prompt new research  催生新研究 

15 Advanced Visual Studies 高级视觉研究 

16 deliberately focused  有意聚焦 

17 light as basis      以光为基点 

18 stereotyping      刻板印象 

19 immersed in discovery    沉浸于发现 

20 challenge and critique    挑战与批判 

21 reach beyond      超越 

22 necessary purpose     必要目的 

23 fall into the trap     落入陷阱 

24 interdisciplinary competition   跨学科竞争 

25 communicating science    传播科学 

 

2022 年 Text 4

1 personal grievance provisions   个人申诉条款 

2 Employment Relations Act   雇佣关系法 

3 good cause      正当理由 

4 procedurally fair     程序公正 

5 unjustified dismissals    无理解雇 

6 common law of contract    普通合同法 

7 arbitrary conduct     任意行为 

8 highly paid managers    高薪经理 

9 constraining firms     限制企业 

10 handbrake on performance   绩效的刹车 

11 C-grade vs A-grade     C级与A级经理 

12 mediocrity      平庸 

13 paradoxically      自相矛盾地 

14 place jobs at risk     使岗位面临风险 

15 low quality of managerial capabilities 管理能力低下 

16 productivity growth record   生产率增长记录 

17 marginal manager     边缘经理 

18 employment arrangement   雇佣安排 

19 excessive employment protections  过度就业保护 

20 stringent regulations    严格规定 

21 hamper prosperity     阻碍繁荣 

22 high-income threshold    高收入门槛 

23 contract out of      通过合同退出 

24 unwieldy mechanisms    笨拙机制 

25 voted down      被否决 

 

2023 年 Text 1

1 extreme heat     极端高温 

2 State Board of Education  州教育委员会 

3 science standards    科学课程标准 

4 pre-teen pupils     青春期前学生 

5 panic of global climate change 全球气候变化的恐慌 

6 energy state     能源州 

7 bread is buttered    生计来源 

8 casually dismiss    轻率否定 

9 career work     毕生工作 

10 misguided opinion    误导性观点 

11 non-profit group    非营利组织 

12 fierce discussions    激烈讨论 

13 step up demands    提高要求 

14 grade B+ or higher    B+及以上评级 

15 disproportionate influence  不成比例的影响 

16 decentralises decisions   权力下放 

17 local school boards    地方学区委员会 

18 well integrated     充分融入 

19 earth and space sciences   地球与空间科学 

20 prominent     突出的 

21 biased perspectives    偏见视角 

22 unofficial educational materials 非官方教材 

23 sponsored by energy industry  由能源行业资助 

24 reflect scientific consensus  反映科学共识 

25 swayed by external forces  受外部势力左右 

 

2023 年 Text 2

1 short-term rentals    短租 

2 took off      迅速兴起 

3 record-high home prices   房价创历史新高 

4 historically low inventory  库存历史新低 

5 rental vacancy rate    出租空置率 

6 below 1 percent    低于1% 

7 housing advocates    住房倡导者 

8 unchecked short-term rentals  不受监管的短租 

9 strained market    紧张的市场 

10 voted against a bill    投票反对法案 

11 restrict short-term rentals  限制短租 

12 workforce housing    工薪阶层住房 

13 attract employees    吸引雇员 

14 cyclical effect     循环效应 

15 realtors association    房地产经纪人协会 

16 second home     第二套房 

17 vacation home     度假屋 

18 large-scale rental facilities  大规模出租设施 

19 de facto hotels     事实上的酒店 

20 bypass taxes and regulations  规避税收与监管 

21 registration requirement   注册要求 

22 carry insurance    购买保险 

23 local taxes     地方税 

24 state levy      州税 

25 build a lot more    大量新建 

 

2023 年 Text 3

1 credit limit     信用额度 

2 stand-off      僵局 

3 trade magazine    行业杂志 

4 branch managers    分公司经理 

5 prominent areas    显眼区域 

6 display spaces     展示位 

7 quietly retiring     悄悄下架 

8 reduced credit terms   收紧信用条款 

9 boycott      抵制 

10 do our utmost     竭尽全力 

11 stock levels     库存水平 

12 shops now open again   门店重新开业 

13 normality will return   将恢复正常 

14 mid-list authors    二线作者 

15 passion for promoting   推广热情 

16 lesser-known writers   小众作家 

17 praying for an end    盼望结束 

18 proposed merger    拟议合并 

19 unaligned publishers   独立/不结盟的出版社 

20 bidding wars     竞价战 

21 lower advances    预付金减少 

22 conformity     趋同 

23 plurality of ways    多样化方式 

24 delivering intellectual contact  传递思想交流 

25 casualty of concentration  集中化的牺牲品 

2023 年 Text 4

1 scientific papers    科研论文 

2 recordkeepers of progress  进步的记录者 

3 perceived quality    感知质量 

4 impact factor     影响因子 

5 number of citations    被引次数 

6 reputation of institutions   机构声誉 

7 citation cartels     引文联盟 

8 inflate citation numbers   虚增引用量 

9 suspicious citation patterns  可疑引用模式 

10 disproportionately cite   不成比例地互引 

11 support service consultancies  支持服务咨询公司 

12 language and editorial support 语言与编辑支持 

13 add citations     添加引用 

14 predatory journals    掠夺性期刊 

15 milk cows     产奶牛（比喻工具） 

16 absolutely no relationship  毫无关联 

17 editor supposedly working  名义上的编辑 

18 insidious manipulation   暗中操纵 

19 citation database    引文数据库 

20 international journals   国际期刊 

21 criterion to be targeted   成为目标的标准 

22 red flags      警示信号 

23 within the first year    首年内 

24 steer clear of     避开 

25 report the request    举报该请求 

 

2024 年 Text 1

1 pull out of     撤离 

2 curious treasure    奇特的宝藏 

3 nail hoard     钉子窖藏 

4 weapon-grade iron    武器级铁 

5 buried so deep     埋得极深 

6 skilled blacksmith’s labour  熟练铁匠的劳动 

7 raw material     原材料 

8 burn down their homes   焚毁房屋 

9 sift the ashes     筛灰烬 

10 underline scarcity    凸显稀缺性 

11 price fell by 90 per cent   价格下跌90% 

12 cheaper iron and energy   更廉价的铁与能源 

13 credit goes to     归功于 

14 more efficient ways    更高效的方法 

15 turn steel into nails    将钢制成钉 

16 track the changing price   追踪价格变化 

17 make no apology    并不抱歉 

18 obsessed by     痴迷于 

19 enchantingly sophisticated  极其复杂 

20 cheap technologies    廉价技术 

21 parallel collapse    同步崩溃 

22 surfaces to write on    书写载体 

23 niche uses     小众用途 

24 transform global energy   变革全球能源 

25 price collapse drives change  价格暴跌推动变革 

 

2024 年 Text 2

1 hunter-gatherers    狩猎采集者 

2 bringing up contented children 培养满足的孩子 

3 alloparenting     异亲抚养 

4 baby-wearing     背带育儿 

5 evolutionary anthropologist  进化人类学家 

6 child psychiatrist    儿童精神病学家 

7 paired an old people’s home with a nursery 将养老院与托儿所配对 

8 intergenerational communication 代际交流 

9 mixed-age playgroups   混龄游戏组 

10 intensive mothering narrative  密集型母职叙事 

11 maternal exhaustion   母亲精疲力竭 

12 dangerous consequences   危险后果 

13 evolutionary history   进化史 

14 abrupt shift     突然转变 

15 average 14 alloparents   日均14位异亲 

16 passed between caregivers  在照顾者间传递 

17 carer-to-child ratio    看护人与儿童比例 

18 fall short of requirements  未达到要求 

19 instructive teaching    指令式教学 

20 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 多动症 

21 enhance social skills   提升社交技巧 

22 unsupervised play    无监督游戏 

23 nuclear family     核心家庭 

24 break with tradition    背离传统 

25 knock-on benefit    连锁益处 

 

2024 年 Text 3

1 classical painting styles   古典绘画风格 

2 dreamy fantasy landscapes  梦幻奇幻风景 

3 text-to-image AI    文本生成图像AI 

4 distinctive style    独特风格 

5 commonly used prompts   常用提示词 

6 Stable Diffusion    稳定扩散模型 

7 impressive images    令人印象深刻的图像 

8 scraping images    抓取图片 

9 without permission    未经许可 

10 proper attribution    适当署名 

11 tricky questions    棘手问题 

12 ethics and copyright   伦理与版权 

13 initially surprised    起初惊讶 

14 reach new audiences   触达新受众 

15 search for his name    搜索他的名字 

16 flooded with AI art    被AI艺术淹没 

17 raise awareness    提高意识 

18 lose income     收入受损 

19 commercial purposes   商业用途 

20 data protection     数据保护 

21 privacy concerns    隐私担忧 

22 coalition growing    联盟壮大 

23 push for new policies   推动新政策 

24 public domain images   公有领域图片 

25 forge partnerships    建立合作 

 

2024 年 Text 4

1 Chesapeake Bay    切萨皮克湾 

2 complexity of natural construction 自然构造的复杂性 

3 fresh and saline water   淡水与咸水 

4 store floodwaters    储存洪水 

5 filter pollutants    过滤污染物 

6 storm surges     风暴潮 

7 Supreme Court ruling   最高法院裁决 

8 far less authority    远更少授权 

9 Clean Water Act    清洁水法 

10 continuous surface connection 持续地表连接 

11 narrowing of regulatory scope 监管范围收窄 

12 victory for builders    建筑商胜利 

13 significant repercussions   重大连锁反应 

14 water quality and flood control 水质与防洪 

15 state laws in place    现行州法律 

16 shortsighted view    短视观点 

17 64,000-square-mile watershed  6.4万平方英里流域 

18 extend protections     扩大保护 

19 deep-pocketed special interests  财力雄厚的特殊利益集团 

20 animal waste runoff     畜禽废物径流 

21 enormous impacts     巨大影响 

22 call on lawmakers     呼吁立法者 

23 review wetlands protections   审查湿地保护 

24 enormous stakes involved   涉及巨大利益 

25 scenic drive      风景驾车游 

 

2025 年 Text 1

1 grammar school boy    文法学校男孩 

2 landed a scholarly punch    打出学术重拳 

3 groundbreaking research    突破性研究 

4 literacy and emotional development 读写与情感发展 

5 act him out      把他演出来 

6 rehearsal-room approach    排练室教学法 

7 broaden vocabulary     扩大词汇量 

8 complexity of writing    写作复杂度 

9 emotional literacy     情感读写能力 

10 Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) 皇家莎士比亚剧团 

11 randomised control trial    随机对照试验 

12 pedagogy       教学法 

13 target vs. control groups    实验组与对照组 

14 message in a bottle     瓶中信 

15 shipwreck in The Tempest   《暴风雨》中的船难 

16 drama-based activity    戏剧活动 

17 peer-reviewed results    同行评审结果 

18 sophisticated/rarer words   更高级/罕见词汇 

19 write at greater length    写得更长 

20 write in role      角色代入写作 

21 desert-island clichés    荒岛陈词滥调 

22 palm trees      棕榈树 

23 atmospheric conditions    大气条件/状况/环境 

24 resilient in writing     写作中更具韧性 

25 put themselves in the shoes   设身处地 

 

2025 年 Text 2

1 scale back research     缩减研究 

2 decrease carbon emissions   减少碳排放 

3 energy-intensive modelling   高能耗建模 

4 unarguable      无可争辩 

5 laboratories & satellites    实验室与卫星 

6 mushrooming of data centres   数据中心激增 

7 International Energy Agency   国际能源署 

8 1% of world electricity    全球电力1% 

9 price we must pay     必须付出的代价 

10 track carbon dioxide    追踪二氧化碳 

11 safeguard the future     保障未来 

12 behind closed doors     闭门进行 

13 demonstrate efficacy    展示成效 

14 Millennium Technology Prize   千年技术奖 

15 celebration of ingenuity    对人类智慧的礼赞 

16 Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell  钝化发射极背接触电池 

17 solar panels      太阳能板 

18 exploit renewable sources   开发可再生资源 

19 power our intelligence    为我们的智能供能 

20 LUMI supercomputer    LUMI超级计算机 

21 carbon-negative     负碳排放 

22 old paper mill      旧造纸厂 

23 remote heat      余热供暖 

24 net-zero ambitions     净零排放目标 

25 sustainable computing    可持续计算 

 

2025 年 Text 3

1 streaming wars     流媒体大战 

2 struggle to turn a profit    难以盈利 

3 Disney+, Peacock, Paramount+  各大流媒体平台 

4 losing billions      亏损数十亿 

5 unintended winners     意外赢家 

6 pirates rip content     盗版者抓取内容 

7 legitimate platforms    正版平台 

8 illegitimate services    非法服务 

9 rake in 2 billion annually   年捞20亿美元 

10 profit margins near 90%    利润率近90% 

11 Motion Picture Association (MPA)  美国电影协会 

12 crack down on      严厉打击 

13 thousands of illegal platforms   数千非法平台 

14 curb digital piracy     遏制数字盗版 

15 file-sharing      文件共享 

16 30 billion lost revenue    300亿美元损失 

17 250,000 jobs lost    流失25万岗位 

18 organized crime    有组织犯罪 

19 Alliance for Creativity and Entertainment (ACE) 创意与娱乐联盟 

20 enforcement task force   执法特遣队 

21 large-scale streaming felony  大规模流媒体重罪 

22 Parks Associates    帕克咨询 

23 cumulative loss 113 billion  累计损失1130亿美元 

24 plateau by 2027    2027年趋于平稳 

25 no consensus on decline   对下降无共识 

 

2025 年 Text 4

1 antiques store     古董店 

2 ephemera of history    历史物件

3 truly ephemeral    真正短暂 

4 intangible formats    无形格式 

5 digital information    数字信息 

6 long-term preservation   长期保存 

7 medium delivers information  媒介传递信息 

8 intentional preservation   有意保存 

9 analog materials    模拟材料 

10 libraries and archives   图书馆与档案馆 

11 shoulder responsibility   承担责任 

12 digitize the tangible    将实体数字化 

13 embarrassment of riches   丰富到尴尬 

14 needle-and-haystack problem  大海捞针问题 

15 universality of access   普遍获取 

16 curate what is preserved   策划/管理保存内容 

17 born-digital information   原生数字信息 

18 terrifying answer    可怕答案 

19 carrier vs. content    载体与内容 

20 format becomes obsolete   格式淘汰 

21 ZIP disk ZIP      磁盘 

22 constant migration    持续迁移 

23 nightmare scenario    噩梦场景 

24 historical record stops   历史记录中断 

25 comprehensive solution   全面的解决方案