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高中英语知识点归纳:高中英语必修四知识点总结

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  2. 合成形容词

  名词+形容词/形容词+名词

  world-famousduty-free large-scale long- term 副词+形容词

  over-anxious evergreen

  名词+过去分词

  man-made sun-burnt

  名词+现在分词

  peace-loving English-speaking

  形容词+现在分词

  good-looking easy-going

  副词+过去分词

  well-informed widespread

  副词+现在分词

  hardworking far-reaching

  形容词+名词+ed

  warm-hearted absent-minded

  数词+名词+ed

  three-legged ten-storied

  数词+名词

  one-way five–star

  数词+名词+形容词

  ten-year-old 800-meter-long

  名词+to+名词

  face–to-face door - to -door

  3. 合成动词名词+动词 baby-sit sleepwalk

  副词+动词

  outnumber underestimate overwork

  形容词+动词 whitewash

  4. 合成副词

  形容词+名词

  meanwhile anyway

  形容词+副词

  everywhere anyhow

  副词+副词

  however

  介词+名词

  beforehand overhead

  介词+副词

  forever

  5. 合成代词

  代词宾格+self/selves herself themselves 物主代词+self/selvesmyself yourselves

  形容词+名词 anything nothing

  6. 合成介词副词+名词 inside outside

  介词+副词 without within

  副词+介词 into

  三. 派生法

  由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。

  1. 前缀

  除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,但不改变单词的词性。

  (1)表示否定意义的前缀

  un-unhappy,unfinished,undress

  dis-disagree,disbelieve

  in[il-(在字母 l 前),im-(在字母 m,b,p 前),ir(在字母 r 前)]-inaccurate

  illegal,impolite

  imbalance,irregular

  mis-misbehave,mislead mistake

  non-nonstop,nonsmoker

  (2)表示其他意义的前缀

  en-“使……”

  enrich ,enlarge,encourage

  inter-“相互”

  international,intercontinental

  re-“再,又,重”

  rethink,retell,recycle

  tele-“远程的”

  telescope,telephone,telegraph

  auto-“自动的”

  automatic,automobile

  co-“共同”

  coworker,cooperate,coexist

  anti-“反对,抵抗”

  antiwar,antifreeze,antinuclear

  multi-“多”

  multistory,multicultural,multicolor

  bi-“双,二”

  bicycle,bilingual,bilateral

  micro-“极小的,微小的”

  microwave,microcomputer

  over-“太多,过分”

  overwork,overdo,overestimate

  self-“自己,本身”

  self-centered,self-confident,self-control

  under-“ 在 …… 下面, …… 下的,不足的 ”

  underline, underground, underestimate,underrate

  2. 后缀

  (1)形容词后缀

  -able“可……的,具有……的”

  acceptable,drinkable,knowledgeable,reasonable

  -al“与……有关的”

  physical, magical, political

  -an“属于某地方的人”

  American,African

  -ern“方向”

  southern, northern, eastern

  -ful/less“(没)有……的”

  helpful, useful,homeless, hopeless

  -ish“如……的;有……特征的”

  foolish,childish,selfish

  -ive“有……倾向的”

  active,attractive,expensive

  -en“由……制成的”

  golden,wooden,woolen

  -ous“有(性质)的” famous,dangerous, poisonous -ly “有……性质的” friendly yearly daily-y“构成形容词” noisy dusty cloudy

  (2)名词后缀

  -er/ or“表人或用具”

  farmer, baker, visitor,professor, cooker, container

  -ese“某国(人)的”

  Chinese, Japanese

  -ian“某国、某地人;精通……的人”

  musician, Asian, Russian, technician

  -ist“某种主义或职业者”

  physicist, scientist, communist,socialist

  -ess“表女性,雌性”

  hostess, actress, princess

  -ment“行为或其状态”

  government, movement, achievement

  -ness“性质,状态”

  illness, sadness, carelessness

  -tion“动作,过程,结果”

  invention, organization, translation

  -ance/ence“抽象;行为、性质、状态” importance, appearance, absence, existence -th“性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth

  -ful“(满的)量”

  handful, spoonful, mouthful

  -(a)bility“抽象、性质、状态”

  possibility, disability, reliability

  -al“过程、状态”

  survival, arrival, approval

  -y“性质、情况”

  modesty, delivery, honesty

  -dom“处于……状态;性质”

  freedom, boredom

  -age“状态,行为,身份及其结果”courage, storage, marriage

  (3)动词后缀

  -fy/ ify“使得;变得”

  simplify, beautify,purify

  -en“使成为……;变得”

  shorten, deepen, sadden

  -ize“使成为”

  apologize, realize, specialize

  (4)副词后缀

  -ly“方式,程度”

  freely, truly, angrily

  ward(s)“向……”

  towards, forward, upwards

  (5)数词后缀

  -teen“十几”

  fourteen, eighteen, thirteen

  -ty“整十位数”

  forty, fifty, sixty

  -th“序数词”

  twelfth, twentieth

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