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高中英语知识点归纳:高中英语必修四知识点总结

互联网2019-03-21 16:26

  9. 由两部分组成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时,如:glasses,spectacles,shoes,boots, trousers/pants,compasses,chopsticks,scissors,socks 等,谓语动词通常用复数,但这类词如用 a pair of 修饰时,谓语动词用单数。

  My glasses were broken while playing football yesterday.

  昨天踢足球时我的眼镜被打碎了。

  A pair of shoes is lying under the bed.

  床底下有一双鞋。

  He reare some new pairs of shoes.

  这里有几双新鞋。

  10. 由“kind/form/type/sort/species /series +of + 名词” 作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。

  All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome .

  必须克服各种各样的困难。

  This kind/sort of questions is very difficult.

  这种问题很难。

  (但 Questions of this kind / sort are very difficult.谓语动词要用复数形式。)

  二. 意义一致原则

  即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的意义而不是形式所决定。当主语形式为单数,但意义为复数时,谓语动词要用复数形式;但主语形式为复数,而意义却为单数时,谓语动词用单数形式。

  1. 有些名词如 people, cattle,police,trousers 等没有单数形式,作主语时,谓语动词只能用复数。

  The police were sent to the spot to keep order immediately.

  警察立即被派往现场维持秩序。

  Cattle were allowed to graze in this area.

  允许牲畜在这个地区吃草。

  2. 英语中一些单复数同形的名词作主语时,应根据其表达的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式,这类名词常见的有 sheep,deer,fish,means, species,Chinese,Japanese, series 等。

  Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution.

  为了防止大气污染,每一种方法都试过了。

  All possible means have been tried to keep animals and plants from becomingendangered.

  为了使动植物的生命不受到威胁,所有的方法都试过了。

  3. 有些集合名词,如 public,family, enemy, audience,government,group,committee,team,media,staff,crew 等作主语时, 谓语动词的数要根据其包含的意义而定。如果该名词表示一个整体,其谓语动词用单数形式;但如果这些集体名词表示集体中的若干个体时,谓语动词用复数形式。

  A team which is full of enthusiasm is more likely to win.

  情绪高昂的球队比较可能获胜。

  The team are practicing hard on the playground.

  队员们正在操场刻苦地训练。

  The government has taken possible action.

  政府已经采取了可能的措施。

  The government are discussing the proposal.

  政府正在讨论这项提案。

  4. “the + 形容词或过去分词”表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式;如 “the + 形容词”指一个人或表示一种抽象概念或品质时,谓语动词用单数形式。

  The wounded were saved by the villagers at last.

  最后,伤员们被村民们救起。

  The wounded in the accident was a policeman.

  这次事故的受伤者是一名警察。

  The beautiful is not always useful.

  好看的并不总是有用的。

  5. 有些以 s 结尾表示学科名称的词,如 physics, mathematics,economics, politics 等,以及用作书名、地名、国名、地区名的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

  Politicsis a complicated subject.

  政治是一门复杂的学科。

  The New York Times is one of the most influential newspapers in the world.

  《纽约时报》是世界上最具影响力的报纸之一。

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