③It all depends on whether we can get their cooperation. 这是主语从句还是宾语从句?it 是形式主语吗?it 是代词，whether 引导的是宾语从句，作介词on 的宾语，不能用if引导。请翻译这句话。这完全取决于我们是否能得到他们的合作。

　　④I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 宾语从句，介词宾语，不能用if 引导。请翻译这句话。

　　⑤She asked me whether/if you were married. 宾语从句，既可以用whether, 又可以用if 引导。注意时态的对应。请翻译这句话。

　　⑥We haven’t decided whether/if we shall give them aid.

　　⑦I’m not sure whether/if the report is believable.

　　⑧Now let’s do some translation:现在还很难预测谁会赢得下一届总统选举。

　　⑨It is still hard to predict who will win the next presidential election.对于多数公民来说，谁当选总统无关紧要。

　　⑩Who will become the president doesn’t matter much to most citizens.这位前总统是否会被判处死刑还有待观察。

　　形式主语中名词性从句作真正主语的情况

　　与汉语习惯不同，英语习惯将较重要的信息放在句子后半段，为避免头重脚轻，就产生了一个逻辑主语it，同时也就产生了一种新的的语法现象——形式主语。

　　It +动词+从句

　　seem,appear,happen,look,matter,make,strike,occur

　　It appeared that he had a happy childhood.

　　看来他有一段幸福的童年。

　　It made us very happy that she was saved.

　　她能化险为夷令我们大家很高兴。

　　It is +形容词+从句

　　true,strange,necessary,important,certain,wonderful,possible,likely,probable

　　It is certain that free medical care will be given to mostpeople in our city. 我们城市的多数人将享受免费医疗，这是一定的。

　　It is obvious that he has been treated.

　　很明显他已经被款待了。

　　It is +名词+从句

　　fact,surprise,pity,honor,common knowledge

　　It is common knowledge that the moon cannot give out light. 月亮不会发光，这是常识。

　　It is a surprise that you gave such an answer to the question. 你对这个问题作了这样的回答，令人吃惊。

　　It+be+分词+从句

　　said,reported,believed,known,decided,thought,expected,announced

　　It is said that Jack has been to Europe.

　　据说Jack去过欧洲。

　　It was reported that a new park will be built.

　　据报道将要建造一个新的公园。

　　需要注意的是，作为形式主语的it并无实际意义，只是为了满足语法上的需要，避免句子头重脚轻，它代替的是句子的逻辑主语，而真正主语由从句或不定式充当。形式主语一直都是高频考点，同学们需要多多练习。

　　◀

　　从句：定语从句的简化规律

　　▶

　　(一)改用“不定式”或“不定式短语”

　　如果定语从句的时态与主句的时态具有同时性(包括谓语有情态动词)或之后性，则可以用“关系代词或关系副词+不定式”来简化，或直接用“不定式”来修饰先行词。

　　要注意的是，此时的不定式一定要是及物动词，如果是不及物，则需要在动词后面加上相应的介词，使之成为及物动词短语。这个结尾的介词可以提前到关系代词前面，也可以继续留在句尾。前者是正式说法，后者是非正式说法。

　　We moved to the country so that the children would have a garden in which they could play in.

　　我们搬到了乡下，好让孩子们有个花园在里面玩。